Critical ADME PK services
IN VITRO TOXICOLOGY
Understanding toxic liability at an early stage is important to reduce the late stage failures. Cytovier offers a panel of different in vitro toxicity assays.
Cell viability Assay:
MTT assay in HepG2, 293T, NIH3T3, or primary hepatocytes (other upon request).
In vitro Hemolysis Assay:
Hemolysis assay evaluate hemoglobin release when exposed to test drug.
Phototoxicity Assay:
Phototoxic compounds show increased toxic response after exposure to light. Fibroblast cells (3T3) are exposed to toxic dose of UVB in the presence of the compounds and the cell viability is measured by MTT reagent. Photo irritation factor (PIF) is calculated from cells incubated in dark and cells exposed to UVB.
Reactive Glutathione Adduct Assay:
The reactive glutathione metabolite of test compounds, in human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH and GSH can be detected in this assay. Screening for reactive metabolite formation at an early stage in lead optimisation is advisable to avoid late stage failure due to safety issues. Cytovier performs glutathione adduct assay using human liver microsomes.
Micro AMES test:
Compounds that induce chromosome aberrations and genetic mutations are considered as genotoxic. The Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay) is a bacterial short-term test for identification of carcinogens using mutagenicity in bacteria as an endpoint. It includes mammalian metabolism to activate promutagens. Cytovier offers micro AMES test for early stage assessment of genotoxicity.